Exploring Biocontrols for Spotted Wing Drosophila
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Collapse ▲The Spotted Wing Drosophila is a major fruit pest that impacts berry farmers across our region, and has spread widely across the U.S. since appearing in the early 2000s. Like most exotic invasive insects, the spotted wing drosophila has few natural enemies, and as such, is very difficult to control. Not only does it feed on a range of edible berry crops, it can also utilize common weed species like pokeweed and wild brambles, allowing it to overwinter and spread in its range.
Farmers need effective solutions for this pest that are efficient to employ, and that are in harmony with ecological systems. Managing any insect pest drives up labor and material costs, and care must be taken to conserve naturally occurring beneficial organisms. In the battle against the spotted wing drosophila, a new control option has emerged – the insect known as Ganaspis brasiliensis, a parasitoid of the dreaded berry pest.
Ganaspis brasiliensis seeks out the spotted wing drosophila larvae in order to deposit eggs in the maturing insect pest. Eventually those eggs hatch, killing the drosophila larvae and halting further fruit damage. This species was recently approved by the USDA to determine the efficacy of this natural enemy against the spotted wing drosophila.
The NC State University Beneficial Insects Lab is spearheading this important biocontrol project across North Carolina, in addition to several other projects across the state’s ecoregions. Research stations and an on-farm trail in Buncombe County, are among the release sites for Ganaspis brasiliensis. Insects will be released and then regularly monitored to see if Ganaspis brasiliensis can establish year-round populations, and effectively target the spotted winged drosophila pest. If successful, this project will ensure a sustainable and long-term control tool over multiple growing seasons to allow for a maximum ecological and production win.